Epival (250mg/5ml) 120ml Syrup

Sodium valproate 250mg Syrup/Suspension primarily exerts its therapeutic effects by increasing the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. It inhibits the breakdown of GABA by blocking the enzyme GABA transaminase, which results in enhanced GABAergic neurotransmission. This mechanism is crucial because GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps to calm overactive neurons, thereby reducing excessive electrical activity in the brain. By increasing GABA levels, sodium valproate stabilizes neuronal membranes, suppresses seizure activity, and exerts a mood-stabilizing effect, making it effective in the treatment of epilepsy and certain mood disorders.

Anticonvulsant/mood stabilizer

Suspension

The following are the uses of sodium valproate 250mg Syrup/Suspension:

• Used for treating seizures in epilepsy patients.
• Used for controlling manic episodes in bipolar disorder.
• Used for migraine prophylaxis, reducing frequency and severity.
• Used for neuropathic pain management.
• Used for stabilizing mood and preventing mood swings.
• Used for treating certain behavioral disorders.
• Used for managing specific movement disorders.

Follow these dosage instructions:

• Take as per doctor's Prescription.
• Take 1 tablespoon of the syrup daily as prescribed by the doctor.
• Your doctor will determine the treatment length based on your symptom severity.

In the case of an overdose of sodium valproate 250mg Syrup/Suspension, the individual may experience symptoms such as drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness. It is important to seek medical assistance promptly, as the doctor may recommend measures such as gastric lavage, activated charcoal administration, or other supportive care to manage the overdose effectively and prevent potential complications.

In the case of a missed dose of sodium valproate 250mg Syrup/Suspension, it is generally recommended to take the missed dose as soon as you remember, provided it is not too close to the time of your next scheduled dose. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. However, if you miss multiple doses, it is important to consult your healthcare provider for guidance, as they may advise you to adjust the timing or dosage of your medication to make up for the missed doses safely.

To administer Sodium Valproate 250mg Syrup/Suspension, shake the bottle vigorously, measure the prescribed dose with an accurate measuring device like a syringe, and administer it orally, following the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare professional, typically once or twice daily as directed.

Following are the conditions/situations when Sodium Valproate 250mg Syrup/Suspension should not be taken:

• Should not be used in individuals with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to Sodium Valproate or any of its components.
• Contraindicated in patients with a history of liver disease or significant liver dysfunction.
• Not recommended for individuals with a personal or family history of urea cycle disorders or severe mitochondrial disorders.
• Should not be used in patients with a known condition called Alpers' disease or Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome.
• Contraindicated during pregnancy unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks, as it may cause harm to the unborn baby.
• Not suitable for individuals with a history of pancreatitis, especially if it was caused by previous valproate use.
• Should be avoided in patients with a known blood disorder called porphyria.
• Should not be used in patients with a rare genetic problem of fructose intolerance.

The side effects of Sodium Valproate 250mg Syrup/Suspension may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Drowsiness or fatigue
• Tremors or shaking
• Weight gain
• Hair loss or thinning
• Stomach pain or digestive issues
• Skin rashes or itching
• Cognitive impairment, such as difficulty concentrating or memory problems

Following are the precautions and warnings for Sodium Valproate 250mg Syrup/Suspension:

• Not suitable for patients with known allergies to sodium valproate or related compounds.
• Regular monitoring of liver function is essential, especially during the first six months of treatment, as it may cause liver damage.
• Patients with a history of liver disease or pancreatic disorders should exercise caution and consult a doctor before use.
• It may cause thrombocytopenia, so regular blood tests are recommended to monitor platelet counts.
• Can cause drowsiness and dizziness; patients should avoid driving or operating machinery until they know how the medication affects them.
• May increase the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and other hormonal issues; close monitoring is advised for long-term users.
• Not recommended for pregnant women or those planning to become pregnant without medical advice due to potential risks to the fetus.

Following are the drug interactions for Sodium Valproate 250mg Syrup/Suspension:

• Increases effects of central nervous system (CNS) depressants like benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol, potentially leading to enhanced sedation.
• May reduce effectiveness of estrogen-containing contraceptives, requiring alternative or additional contraceptive methods.
• Co-administration with carbamazepine can decrease valproate levels, necessitating monitoring and dose adjustments.
• Phenytoin levels may be decreased when taken with sodium valproate, requiring monitoring and potential phenytoin dose adjustments.
• Valproate can elevate levels of lamotrigine, potentially increasing the risk of side effects.
• Probenecid can increase valproate levels, requiring close monitoring for toxicity.
• The combination with topiramate may increase the risk of kidney stones, requiring monitoring and adequate hydration.

Following are the food interactions for Sodium Valproate 250mg Syrup/Suspension:

• Alcohol consumption should be avoided as it can increase the sedative effects of Sodium Valproate, leading to enhanced drowsiness and potential impairment.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be consumed with caution as they may affect the metabolism of Sodium Valproate, potentially altering its effectiveness.
• High-fat meals may delay the absorption of Sodium Valproate, possibly resulting in a delay in its therapeutic effect.
• Carbohydrate-rich foods can increase the absorption of Sodium Valproate, potentially leading to higher blood levels of the medication.
• Avoid excessive caffeine intake as it may interfere with the metabolism of Sodium Valproate, affecting its efficacy.
• Sodium Valproate may decrease folate levels, so including foods rich in folate, like leafy greens and legumes, is essential.
• Vitamin K-rich foods such as leafy green vegetables should be consumed consistently to maintain normal blood clotting function.
• Ensure adequate hydration and a balanced diet to minimize potential gastrointestinal side effects.

Sodium Valproate 250mg Syrup/Suspension should be stored in a secure location, away from children's reach, at room temperature (between 68°F and 77°F or 20°C and 25°C). Keep the medication in its original container, tightly sealed, to maintain its integrity and prevent contamination. Avoid exposing the syrup to direct sunlight or storing it in the bathroom, as moisture and heat can degrade its quality. Pay attention to the expiration date, and do not use the medication if it has expired. When disposing of unused or expired syrup, do not pour it down the drain or flush it; instead, follow local guidelines or consult a pharmacist for safe disposal methods to minimize environmental impact.

No

Following are the quick tips for Sodium Valproate 250mg Syrup/Suspension:

• Administer the syrup as directed by your physician or healthcare professional.
• Ensure the syrup is stored at room temperature, away from direct sunlight or moisture.
• Measure the dose accurately using the measuring cup provided.
• Ensure the syrup is well-mixed by gently shaking the bottle before each use.
• Take the syrup consistently at the same time each day to maintain stable drug levels.
• Avoid missing doses; if you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it's close to the next dose.
• Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one; consult your doctor if you have concerns.