Metrozil (500mg) 100ml, 1 Vial Infusion

Metronidazole, when administered as an injection, exerts its therapeutic effects primarily through its intracellular activation within anaerobic microorganisms. Inside these organisms, metronidazole is reduced, leading to the production of toxic metabolites that disrupt DNA synthesis. This disruption occurs through the breakage of DNA strands, inhibition of DNA synthesis, and interference with the structure and function of DNA. The key toxic metabolites responsible for these effects are believed to be nitroso radicals and possibly other reduced intermediates. This mechanism selectively targets anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, making metronidazole particularly effective against these types of microorganisms.

Antiprotozoal, Antibacterial.

Injection

The following are the uses of Metronidazole injection:

• Used for treating serious bacterial infections, particularly those caused by anaerobic bacteria.
• Used for controlling and managing intra-abdominal infections.
• Used for managing skin and skin structure infections.
• Used for treating gynecological infections, including endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease.
• Used for treating bone and joint infections caused by susceptible bacteria.
• Used for managing central nervous system infections, such as brain abscesses.
• Used for treating certain parasitic infections, including giardiasis and amoebiasis.
• Used for managing infections in immunocompromised patients or those with compromised immune systems.

In the case of an overdose of Metronidazole injection, immediate medical intervention is necessary. Symptoms may include severe nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and in extreme cases, seizures or loss of consciousness. Medical professionals should be informed about the amount of medication taken, and they will likely provide supportive care to manage symptoms and ensure the patient's vital signs are stable. Prompt treatment can help mitigate the potential harmful effects of an overdose.

In the case of a missed dose of Metronidazole injection, it is important to administer the missed dose as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects. If you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare professional for guidance on how to proceed, as they can provide specific instructions based on your medical condition and treatment plan.

To administer the Metronidazole injection, clean the injection site with an alcohol wipe, insert the needle at a 90-degree angle, and slowly inject the prescribed amount, ensuring the entire dose is delivered, then gently remove the needle and apply light pressure with a sterile bandage if needed.

Here are the conditions and situations when Metronidazole injection should not be used:

• Must not be used in patients with a known hypersensitivity or severe allergic reaction to Metronidazole or other nitroimidazole derivatives.
• Not suitable for patients with a history of serious or severe neurological disorders, as it can exacerbate these conditions.
• Contraindicated in patients with a history of blood disorders, particularly those with low white blood cell counts or bone marrow suppression.
• Should not be used in patients with severe liver disease or impaired liver function, as it is primarily metabolized in the liver.
• Avoid using Metronidazole injection in patients with a history of seizures or epilepsy, as it can lower the seizure threshold.
• Not recommended for individuals with a history of severe gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease or toxic megacolon.
• Must not be administered to patients with a history of porphyria, as it can trigger acute attacks.
• Avoid using this medication in patients with a history of peripheral neuropathy, as it may worsen the nerve damage.
• Contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy due to potential risks to the developing fetus.

The side effects of Metronidazole injection may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Metallic taste in the mouth
• Dry mouth
• Diarrhea
• Loss of appetite
• Darkening of urine

Following are the precautions and warnings for Metronidazole injection:

• Metronidazole should not be administered to patients with a history of hypersensitivity or severe allergic reactions to the drug or other nitroimidazole derivatives.
• This medication may cause central nervous system (CNS) toxicity, including seizures. It should be used with caution in patients with a history of seizures or CNS disorders.
• Metronidazole can interact with warfarin and phenytoin, affecting their blood levels. Close monitoring is required when used concurrently.
• Avoid alcohol consumption during treatment and for at least 48 hours after the last dose, as it may cause a disulfiram-like reaction with symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and flushing.
• The injection should be used with caution in patients with liver disease, as it is primarily metabolized in the liver. Regular liver function tests are recommended.
• Elderly patients may be more susceptible to the side effects of Metronidazole, particularly CNS-related symptoms. Dosage adjustments might be necessary.
• It should be used with caution in patients with blood disorders, as it may cause bone marrow suppression. Regular blood tests are advised during prolonged treatment.
• Metronidazole can cause peripheral neuropathy, characterized by numbness or tingling in the hands and feet. Patients should be advised to report any such symptoms immediately.

Following are the drug interactions for Metronidazole injection:

• Avoid concurrent use with disulfiram due to risk of psychotic reactions.
• Phenytoin levels may be reduced by metronidazole, potentially requiring adjustment of phenytoin dose.
• May enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and other oral anticoagulants, necessitating close monitoring of prothrombin time.
• Concomitant use with lithium may result in increased lithium levels and toxicity.
• Alcoholic beverages should be avoided during and for at least 3 days after metronidazole therapy to prevent a disulfiram-like reaction.
• May decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, requiring additional contraceptive measures.
• CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 inhibitors may increase metronidazole plasma concentrations, potentially requiring dose adjustments.

Following are the food interactions for Metronidazole injection:

• Avoid consuming alcohol during and after the treatment, as it can cause severe adverse effects, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and headaches.
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be consumed with caution as they may increase the concentration of Metronidazole in the body, potentially leading to increased side effects.
• Avoid high-fat meals as they can affect the absorption of Metronidazole, possibly reducing its effectiveness.
• Caffeine intake should be monitored as it may interfere with the metabolism of Metronidazole, altering its therapeutic effects.
• Dairy products, especially milk, might decrease the absorption of Metronidazole, so it's advisable to separate milk consumption from medication intake.
• Foods rich in Vitamin K, like leafy greens, should be consumed in moderation as Metronidazole can reduce Vitamin K absorption, affecting blood clotting.
• Sugary foods and beverages may influence the effectiveness of Metronidazole, so it's best to limit their intake during treatment.
• Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water to aid in the flushing out of Metronidazole from the system after the treatment period.

Metronidazole injection should be stored in a controlled room temperature environment, typically between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C), ensuring it is protected from light and moisture. It is crucial to keep the injection in its original packaging, tightly sealed, to maintain its integrity and sterility. Avoid exposing the medication to freezing temperatures or extreme heat, as this can impact its effectiveness. Always check the expiration date before use, and do not use the injection if it is past its expiry. When disposing of unused or expired Metronidazole injection, do not pour it down the drain or flush it. Instead, follow local guidelines for pharmaceutical waste disposal or consult a healthcare professional for advice on safe disposal methods. Keep the medication securely stored, out of the sight and reach of children, to prevent accidental exposure.

Here are the quick tips for Metronidazole injection:

• Administer the injection as directed by your healthcare professional; do not self-inject.
• Ensure the injection is prepared and administered by a trained medical professional.
• Follow the prescribed dosage and treatment duration for best results.
• Avoid alcohol consumption during treatment to prevent adverse reactions.
• Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking to prevent potential interactions.
• Report any unusual or severe side effects immediately to your healthcare provider.
• Store the injection as directed on the packaging, away from light and moisture.
• Do not reuse or share needles; dispose of them safely after use.